Anita Cornwell: Pioneer of Black Lesbian Visibility
Anita Cornwell, a trailblazing Black lesbian writer and activist, was the first Black female writer to openly identify as a lesbian in print, and made significant contributions to the LGBTQ and feminist movements. Her groundbreaking collection of essays, “Black Lesbian in White America,” published in 1983, shed light on the intersectionality of race, gender, and sexuality.
Born in Greenwood, South Carolina, Cornwell moved to Philadelphia as a teenager and studied journalism at Temple University. She worked for local newspapers and wrote poetry and essays that were published in various lesbian and feminist publications. Cornwell was an active member of organizations such as the Daughters of Bilitis and the Philadelphia chapter of Radicalesbians.
Cornwell’s writings delved into important issues of her time, addressing internalized misogyny and homophobia within the lesbian community, as well as racism within both the gay bar culture and the feminist movement. She fearlessly critiqued heteropatriarchy and white supremacy, drawing attention to the experiences of Black lesbians and the challenges they faced.
Despite her impactful work, Cornwell faced obstacles and rejection due to her identity as a Black lesbian. Her papers, now archived at the John J. Wilcox LGBT Archives, contain numerous rejection letters from publishing houses that deemed her writing incompatible with their desired image. Nonetheless, her influence within lesbian feminist circles was significant.
Cornwell’s legacy extends beyond her writings. She was actively involved in the women’s movement and helped found the Philadelphia chapter of Radicalesbians, which sought to counter the male-dominated Gay Liberation Front. She dedicated herself to supporting other women, raising funds through a newsletter called “Funds for Our Sisters” and advocating for the marginalized.
Anita Cornwell’s courage and audacity in living unapologetically as a Black lesbian during a time of societal prejudice cannot be understated. Her work paved the way for future generations of LGBTQ individuals, especially Black intellectuals, who continue to carry her legacy forward. While her writing may have been initially overlooked, her impact remains significant and her contributions to the LGBTQ community and feminist movement will be remembered.
Anita Cornwell passed away on Saturday, May 27, 2023, in Philadelphia at Wesley Enhanced Living at the age of 99. An online memorial for Anita Cornwell will be hosted by Sinister Wisdom, and an in-person memorial will take place at the William Way LGBT Community Center in Philadelphia. Her chosen family and the community she inspired mourn the loss of this remarkable writer and activist.
Sources:
- Reyes, J. F. (2023, June 5). The Philadelphia Inquirer.
- Brownworth, V. A. (2023). Philadelphia Gay News.
- Photo Credit: Tee A. Corinne